各種類(lèi)型的軸承，因設(shè)計(jì)各異而具有不同的特性。軸承的具體安裝部位以及應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合的多變性與復(fù)雜性，軸承類(lèi)型選擇無(wú)固定模式可尋。為適應(yīng)某種機(jī)器機(jī)床特定的安裝部位和應(yīng)用條件進(jìn)行軸承類(lèi)型選擇時(shí)，可以依據(jù)以下幾個(gè)主要因素綜合來(lái)考慮軸承的選型。Various types of bearings have different characteristics due to their different designs. Bearing specific installation parts and application occasions of variability and complexity, bearing type selection without fixed mode to find. In order to adapt to the specific installation position and application conditions of a certain machine tool, the bearing type selection can be considered according to the following main factors.

 

　　機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，一般先確定軸的尺寸，然后根據(jù)軸的尺寸選擇軸承。通常，小軸選用球軸承；大軸選用圓柱滾子軸承、調(diào)心滾子軸承、圓錐滾子軸承(有時(shí)也可選用球軸承)。若軸承安裝部位的徑向空間受到限制，應(yīng)采用徑向截面高度較小的軸承。如滾針軸承、某些系列的深溝球軸承、角接觸球軸承、圓柱滾子或調(diào)心滾子軸承以及薄壁軸承。若軸承安裝部位的軸向空間受到限制，可采用寬度尺寸較小的軸承。

 

　　In mechanical design, the size of the shaft is usually determined first, and then the bearing is selected according to the size of the shaft. Usually, ball bearings are used for small shafts, cylindrical roller bearings, aligning roller bearings and tapered roller bearings are used for large shafts (sometimes also ball bearings). If the radial space of the bearing location is limited, the bearing with a smaller radial section should be used. Such as needle roller bearings, some series of deep groove ball bearings, angular contact ball bearings, cylindrical roller or aligning roller bearings and thin-walled bearings. If the axial space of the bearing part is limited, the bearing with smaller width can be used.

 

　　載荷大小載荷大小通常是選擇軸承尺寸的決定因素。滾子軸承比具有相同外形尺寸的球軸承承載能力大。通常球軸承適用于輕或中載荷、滾子軸承適用于承受重載荷。

 

　　Load size and load are usually the determinants of bearing size. Roller bearings have larger bearing capacity than ball bearings with the same size. Usually ball bearings are suitable for light or medium loads and roller bearings for heavy load.

 

　　載荷方式純徑向載荷可選用深溝球軸承、圓柱滾子軸承。純軸向載荷可選用推力球軸承、推力圓柱滾子軸承。有徑向載荷又有軸向載荷(聯(lián)合載荷)時(shí)，一般選用角接觸球軸承或圓錐滾子軸承。若徑向載荷較大而軸向載荷較小時(shí)，軸承人微信專(zhuān)業(yè)！可選用深溝球軸承和內(nèi)、外圈都有擋邊的圓柱滾子軸承。如同時(shí)還存在軸或殼體變形大以及安裝對(duì)中性差的情況，可選用調(diào)心球軸承、調(diào)心滾子軸承。若軸向載荷較大而徑向載荷較小時(shí)可選用推力角接觸球軸承，四點(diǎn)接觸球軸承如還要求調(diào)心性能，可選用推力調(diào)心滾子軸承。

 

　　Deep groove ball bearings and cylindrical roller bearings can be used for purely radial loads. Pure axial load can be selected thrust ball bearings and thrust cylindrical roller bearings. Angular contact ball bearings or tapered roller bearings are generally used when there are radial loads and axial loads (combined loads). If the radial load is large and the axial load is small, the bearing micro channel is professional. Cylindrical roller bearings with deep groove ball bearings and inner and outer rings can be selected. As there is also a large deformation of the shaft or shell and installation of poor neutrality, the choice of ball bearings, self-aligning roller bearings. If the axial load is larger and the radial load is smaller, the thrust angular contact ball bearing can be selected. If the four-point contact ball bearing also requires aligning performance, the thrust aligning roller bearing can be selected.

 

　　滾動(dòng)軸承的工作轉(zhuǎn)速主要取決于其允許運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)溫度。摩擦阻力低，內(nèi)部發(fā)熱較少的軸承適用于高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的場(chǎng)合。僅承受徑向載荷時(shí)，選用深溝球軸承和圓柱滾子軸承可以達(dá)到較高的轉(zhuǎn)速，若承受聯(lián)合載荷時(shí)，宜選用角接觸球軸承。采用特殊設(shè)計(jì)的高精度角接觸球軸承，可以達(dá)到極高的轉(zhuǎn)速。各種推力軸承的轉(zhuǎn)速均低于徑向軸承。

 

　　The working speed of rolling bearings mainly depends on the allowable operating temperature. Bearings with low friction resistance and less internal heating are suitable for high-speed operation. When only bearing radial load, deep groove ball bearings and cylindrical roller bearings can achieve higher rotational speed. If bearing combined load, angular contact ball bearings should be selected. Specially designed high precision angular contact ball bearings can achieve very high speed. The speed of various thrust bearings is lower than that of radial bearings.

 

　　旋轉(zhuǎn)精度（Rotation precision）

 

　　對(duì)于大多數(shù)機(jī)械，選用0級(jí)公差的軸承足以滿(mǎn)足主機(jī)要求，但對(duì)軸的旋轉(zhuǎn)精度有嚴(yán)格要求時(shí)，如機(jī)床主軸，精密機(jī)械和儀表等，則應(yīng)選用較高公差等級(jí)的深溝球軸承、角接觸球軸承、圓錐滾子軸承、圓柱滾子軸承和推力角接觸球軸承。

 

　　For most machines, zero-tolerance bearings are sufficient to meet the requirements of the main engine, but when there are strict requirements for the rotational accuracy of the shaft, such as machine tool spindles, precision machinery and instruments, it is necessary to select deep groove ball bearings with higher tolerance, angular contact ball bearings, tapered roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings and thrust angular contact balls. Bearing.

 

 

　　滾動(dòng)軸承的剛性由其承受載荷時(shí)發(fā)生的彈性變形量來(lái)決定，一般情況下，這種變形量很小，可以忽略不計(jì)，但在某些機(jī)械中，如機(jī)床主軸系統(tǒng)，軸承的靜態(tài)剛度和動(dòng)態(tài)剛度對(duì)系統(tǒng)的特性影響很大。軸承人微信專(zhuān)業(yè)！一般來(lái)說(shuō)，滾子軸承比球軸承具有較高的剛度。各類(lèi)軸承通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)?ldquo;預(yù)緊”也可以不同程度地提高剛性。

 

　　The rigidity of rolling bearings is determined by the elastic deformation which occurs when bearing load. Generally, this deformation is very small and can be neglected. But in some machines, such as machine tool spindle system, the static stiffness and dynamic stiffness of bearings have a great influence on the characteristics of the system. Bearing micro channel professional! Generally speaking, roller bearings have higher stiffness than ball bearings. All kinds of bearings can be raised to a certain degree by proper pretightening.

 

 

　　軸承本身的噪聲與振動(dòng)一般都很低。但對(duì)于中小電機(jī)、辦公機(jī)械、家用電器和儀表等對(duì)噪聲與運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn)性有特殊要求的機(jī)械，通常選用低噪聲軸承。

 

　　The noise and vibration of the bearing itself are generally very low. But for small and medium-sized motors, office machinery, household appliances and meters, such as machinery with special requirements for noise and smooth operation, usually choose low noise bearings.

 

　　軸向移動(dòng)（Axial movement）

 

　　軸承最普遍的配置方式是在軸的一端安裝一套軸向定位的“同定軸承”，而在另一端安裝一套軸向可移動(dòng)的“游動(dòng)軸承”，以防止由于軸熱脹冷縮而產(chǎn)生卡死現(xiàn)象。經(jīng)常用的“游動(dòng)軸承”是內(nèi)圈或外圈無(wú)擋邊的圓柱滾子軸承，此時(shí)內(nèi)圈與軸的配合或外圈與外殼孔的配合可采用過(guò)盈配合。有時(shí)也可選用不可分離型深溝球軸承或調(diào)心滾子軸承作游動(dòng)軸承，但在安裝時(shí)內(nèi)圈與軸或外圈與外殼孔配合應(yīng)選擇間隙配合，以確保內(nèi)圈或外圈有足夠的軸向移動(dòng)的自由。

 

　　The most common configuration of bearings is to install a set of axially positioned "co-fixed bearings" at one end of the shaft and an axially movable "swimming bearing" at the other end to prevent stuck due to the expansion and contraction of the shaft. Often used "swimming bearings" are cylindrical roller bearings with inner or outer rings without edges. At this time, the matching of inner rings and shafts or the matching of outer rings and shell holes can be used interference fit. Sometimes non-separable deep groove ball bearings or self-aligning roller bearings can also be used as swimming bearings, but in the installation of the inner ring and shaft or outer ring and shell hole fit should choose clearance fit to ensure that the inner ring or outer ring has enough freedom of axial movement.

 

　　摩擦力矩（friction torque）

 

　　球軸承的摩擦阻力較滾子軸承小，純徑向載荷作用時(shí)，徑向接觸軸承的摩擦阻力?。患冚S向載荷作用時(shí)，軸向接觸軸承的摩擦阻力?。宦?lián)合載荷作用時(shí)，軸承接觸角與載荷角相近的角接觸軸承摩擦阻力最小。在需要低摩擦力矩的儀器和機(jī)械中，選用球軸承或圓柱滾子軸承較適宜。軸承人微信專(zhuān)業(yè)！此外，低摩擦力矩軸承應(yīng)避免采用接觸式密封，同時(shí)，建議采用滴油潤(rùn)滑，油氣潤(rùn)滑或其它有利于減磨的潤(rùn)滑方式。

 

　　The friction resistance of ball bearing is smaller than that of roller bearing, and the friction resistance of radial contact bearing is smaller under pure radial load; the friction resistance of axial contact bearing is smaller under pure axial load; and the friction resistance of angular contact bearing with close contact angle and load angle is the smallest under combined load. Ball bearings or cylindrical roller bearings are suitable for instruments and machines requiring low friction torque. Bearing micro channel professional! In addition, contact sealing should be avoided for bearings with low friction torque. At the same time, oil drop lubrication, oil-air lubrication or other lubrication methods which are conducive to wear reduction are recommended.

 

　　安裝與拆卸（Installation and disassembly）

 

　　具有圓柱形內(nèi)孔的軸承用于安裝拆卸較頻繁的機(jī)械中，應(yīng)優(yōu)先選用分離型角接觸球軸承、圓錐滾子軸承、可分離的圓柱滾子軸承、滾針軸承和推力軸承等。具有圓錐形內(nèi)孔的軸承可安裝在軸頸上，或借助緊定套或退卸套裝在圓柱形軸頸上，安裝拆卸很方便。

 

　　Bearings with cylindrical internal holes should be preferred to separate angular contact ball bearings, tapered roller bearings, separable cylindrical roller bearings, needle roller bearings and thrust bearings when they are used to install and disassemble more frequently. Bearings with conical internal holes can be mounted on the journal or mounted on the cylindrical journal by means of a tight sleeve or a retracting sleeve, which is convenient for installation and disassembly.